Full list of topics

Safety

EMC-Related Functional Safety Keith Armstrong, Cherry Clough Consultants (December 2000) There are huge loopholes in safety and EMC regulations and standards, at least in the commercial and industrial worlds. Where errors or malfunctions in electronics due to electromagnetic interference could possibly have safety implications, the resulting hazards and risks can fall right through these loopholes, leaving users at risk from unsafe products or systems, and suppliers at financial risk from liability lawsuits and product recalls. This issue is known as EMC-Related Functional Safety. Because the electronic marketplace is very cost-sensitive and because there are EMC-related functional safety loopholes in the regulations and standards, a business situation similar to that which caused mad cow disease in Europe already exists. Source: ITEM Update

Adverse health effects from power frequency EMFs - they are starting to look real D L Henshaw, University of Bristol (May 2002) In autumn 2000, two pooled analyses of epidemiological studies world-wide of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia were published. Both reported a doubling of risk associated with exposures above 0·3–0·4 µT. In April 2001, the UK National Radiological Protection Board, Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (NRPB-AGNIR) confirmed this association, although there remained the possibility that this was due to some artefact of the studies. A later AGNIR report associated magnetic field exposures with an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a form of motor neurone disease. Source: Engineering Science And Education Journal June 2002

EMC and functional safety K Armstrong, Cherry Clough Associates (October 2000) The safety implications of EMC are often poorly understood. Reports on an IEE guide designed to dispel ignorance. Source: IEE Review November 2000

The problems of success H Meier, HM-Funktechnik GmbH (January 2000) A dramatic increase in the number of users poses a growing threat of congestion in existing short-range device bands. Short-range wireless data transmission systems, generally known as short-range devices (SRDs), have become very popular in recent years. A primary factor behind this trend has been a growing appreciation within industry of the performance and cost advantages associated with using SRDs. Source: IEE Review January 2000

Safety

WEEE & ROHS Directives - A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Source:

Phones and health - the science C Evans-Pughe (April 2003) Survey of recent research into the health effects of mobile phone use. Source: IEE Review May 2003

SatComm Applications

SkyDSL Broadband Services via Satellite C Zippel, European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) (March 2000) Explains basic features of SkyDSL and charging structure. Source: Presented at IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London March 2000.

Multimedia and DVB A Arcidiacono, European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) (March 2000) An introduction to the multimedia and digital video broadcasting services offered by EUTELSAT. Source: IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London, March 2000

Broadband VSAT networks B Fakhari, COMSAT Laboratories (March 2000) This paper gives an overview of the activities of COMSAT, analyses broadband market trends, and considers the requirements, topologies, features and applications of broadband VSAT. . Source: IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London, March 2000

D-SAT 2000: the EUTELSAT Wide Band DAMA Service L Pirrone, European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) (March 2000) Describes purpose, expected market, architecture, features, applications, control structure and charges for D-SAT 2000 satellite. Source: IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London, March 2000.

Using Multi-Protocol Encapsulation Technology To Develop Optimum Data Broadcast Systems S Epstein, NDS (March 2000) This paper explores the different venues on the way to a robust Data Broadcasting product, in particular the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Multi-Protocol Encapsulation standard. This is compared and contrasted with other data communication and broadcasting standards, in terms of technology, reliability and security. . Source: IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London, March 2000

Satellite Communication

Phased Array Antenna for Satellite Communications to Small Tactical Platforms J Thompson, DERA (May 2000) This paper details a phased array antenna designed for satellite communications (satcom) to moving platforms. This antenna could potentially form a core component of a satcom system that would provide future deep battle assets with a greatly enhanced Beyond Line Of Sight communications capability. (c) Crown Copyright Source: IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications, London June 2000 Crown Copyright

Future Satellite Communications to Military Aircraft S E Nicol, G Walton, L D Westbrook and D A Wynn, DERA (January 2000) The UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency is developing airborne super-high-frequency (SHF) and extremely-high-frequency (EHF) satcom techniques and terminal demonstrators aimed at providing affordable, secure and robust satcoms to a range of UK military aircraft, from agile platforms such as fast jets and helicopters to surveillance, tanker and transport aircraft. SHF satcoms offer significantly increased bandwidth for highdata rates or increased use of spread-spectrum techniques, together with localised coverage and adaptive antenna techniques.  (c) Crown Copyright Source: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal. February 2000.

Satellite Communications

Telecoms Networks: The Next Generation Various (July 2005) View the presentations from the Telecoms Networks: The Next Generation event held on the 4th-5th July 2005. Source: Telecoms Networks: The Next Generation 2005

Broadband communications from a high-altitude platform: the European HeliNet programme J Thornton, D Grace, C Spillard, University of York, T Konefal, University of York and T C Tozer, University of York (May 2001) HeliNet is a consortium-led European project to develop a pilotless solar-powered aircraft from which broadband communication services could be supported. This paper discusses some of the key issues, including millimetre-wave antennas and propagation, and an estimate of the number of cells that might be supportable by an early platform prototype. Source: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal June 2001

EUTELSAT Services for IP Access M Fitch and H Rhodes, BT (February 2000) This paper describes work done on routing protocols over satellite. Different routing protocols are discussed, and the benefits and issues connected with each are highlighted. Finally, results are given of testing RIP, OSPF and BGP over a simulated satellite link. Source: IEE EUTELSAT Colloquium, London, March 2000.

Military Use of Global Mobile Personal Communications Systems (slides) P Wells, DERA (May 2000) This paper identifies how military users can exploit new systems like Iridium and Globalstar and the planned ICO, ELLIPSO and ECCO systems for improved command and control, reporting and situation awareness roles. It covers their capabilities, their use tactically and on mobile land, airborne and maritime platforms and their adaptibility to military purposes. Source: IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications, London, June 2000 (c) Crown Copyright

Modelling Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Traffic Over The Satellite Bearer M D Otter, C J Moss and R A Dow, BAE Systems (July 2001) This paper reports on work to investigate the performance of ATM over satellite links which was undertaken as part of a Pathfinder contract between DERA and BAE Systems. Of particular interest have been the effects of errors on data throughput including error extension from the failure of Forward Error Correction (FEC) or encryption, and errors from jamming. Source: IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications, London, June 2000.

Satellite Systems

Application of satellite communication ('COMMUNE') M Woods, RSSB (October 2003) The COMMUNE Project aimed to identify the potential role for satellite communications within the rail industry. The project consisted of six technical tasks which ranged from requirements and system definition to business appraisals and implementation barriers. The project identified the potential applications, as expressed by rail industry partners and the currently available satellite communication systems capable of meeting these applications. The applications included rural network communications, TOC/FOC operational communications and diagnostic/tracking communications. This initial process allowed the potential satellite service requirements to be defined leading to the specification of 3 core satellite services which could meet the application requirements. These were a voice service, a low data speed service and a high data speed service. The other areas of the project looked into the benefits and costs of using satellite communications. The costs were not beyond expectations and the benefits were wide ranging. The benefits of satellite communications included the following: geographical independence, reduced ground infrastructure, increased safety and reduced network expansion costs. Implementation issues and considerations were also addressed, identifying the process required to install satellite communication equipment within the rail industry. Reference was given to Vehicle Acceptance Bodies, Health & Safety Issues and potential risks of using satellite communications. Source: www.rssb.co.uk

Satellites going fast Juan Pablo Conti (September 2004) It’s “sell-sell-sell” time for some of the world’s largest satellite operators, says Juan Pablo Conti, but are the buyers really interested in the technology? Source:

To boldly go... (Power generation in space) Nadya Anscombe (August 2004) This article examines the prospects for solar power generation in space, using photovoltaic arrays and microwave transmission back to Earth. Source: Power Engineer - August 2004

White Paper - Space: a new European frontier for an expanding Union - An action plan for implementing the European Space policy presented by the Commission (November 2003) Building on the successful Green Paper consultation on options for European activities in space, the Commission proposes in this White Paper the implementation of an extended European Space Policy to support the achievement of the European Union’s policy goals. © European Communities, 1995-2003 Source: The European Union On-Line

Satellites Rock! M Williamson (December 2003) Is part of the world tuning into satellite radio? Source: IEE Review - December 2003

WEEE & ROHS Directives - A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Source:

WEEE & ROHS Directive - Actions you need to take Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste on electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) in electrical and electronic equipment - A guide giving details on actions you need to take. Source:

Low cost broadband satellite services [slides] J Parfett, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (October 2003) The following study activity builds on the previous round S@TCOM activities which examined payload options for future small satellite niche markets, technology trials and service validation. The aim of the study is to explore the development of a small satellite based system for the provision of cost effective broadband internet services for non-metropolitan areas and developing countries. Source: IEE Seminar on The British National Space Centre, 22 October 2003

L Band power amplifier solutions for the INMARSAT space segment D Seymour, ASTRIUM (December 2000) The UK has long held a prominent position in the production of solid state power amplifiers (SSPA) for space-flight applications, and particularly so for the mobile sector in the L-Band (1550 MHz). The paper begins with a review of L-band power amplification employed on the INMARSAT series of satellites including both solid state and vacuum technology. The SSPA for INMARSAT's fourth generation satellite is then discussed. Source: IEE Seminar on Microwave and RF Power Amplifiers, December 2000

Availability Modelling Tools Applicable to Satellite Systems B Orchard, QinetiQ (April 2002) An important element in the specification and support of a constellation of satellites is the predicted system availability of the required service. Of equal importance is the end-to-end service availability that can be provided by a satellite communications network. The system and service availability prediction techniques and the range of software modelling tools are summarised in this paper.   Source: IEE Seminar on Simulation and Modelling of Satellite Systems, April 2002

Operational spacecraft simulations: present and future C Morris & D Rothwell, Science Systems (Space) Ltd. (April 2002) This paper discusses the current tools used in operational spacecraft simulators and speculates on how some of the newer technologies can play a role in the future given the current pressures for reduced development times and lower costs. Source: IEE Seminar on Simulation & Modelling of Satellite Systems

Requirements driven satellite system design I Inglis, Aegis Systems Ltd. (April 2002) Over the last decade DERA (now QinetiQ) has developed a simulation-based method for analysing satellite payload designs based on requirements for communication as expressed by users. This method is implemented in a computer model called the Satellite Communication System Analysis Package, which has helped to size the ?public sector comparator? for Skynet 5. Source: IEE Seminar on Simulation and Modelling of Satellite Systems, April 2002

Early development of spacecraft electronics M Williamson (April 2001) Using examples from the early history of spaceflight?both unmanned and manned?this article illustrates how the field of spacecraft electronics has developed in the key subsystems of power, control and communications. Source: Engineering Science and Education Journal April 2001

Service Provision of Milsatcom: a technical perspective (slides) J R Greenwood, Future Satcom IPT (July 2001) This presentation describes the challenges of reaching a service requirement specification and a service specification definition for the Skynet 5 satellite. Presented at IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications, London, June 2000.

Secure GSM

Secure Content Distribution to Mobile Users [Slides] A Waller, Thales Research and Technology (UK) Ltd. (February 2003) This presentation covers general requirements, the requirements of participants (consumers and content providers), types of secure content delivery and the SIBIS project. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

International Operation and Interoperability: An introduction to end-to-end mobile security [Slides] M Street, NATO C3 Agency (February 2003) This presentation asks what's so good about GSM, what are the problems with GSM and should we worry about security of GSM ? Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Extending 2G End-to-End Security Solutions to 3G Networks [Slides] T Sandberg and P Kennedy, General Dynamics Decision Systems (February 2003) This presentation reviews 1G & 2G network security functionality, summarizes 2G security issues & solutions, highlights 3G network architecture differences, identifies 3G network security challenges and explores potential solutions. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

NSK 200 Secure Telephone System [Slides] L Moldal, Kongsberg Defence Communications (February 2003) This presentation covers the basic principles & technology, product range, different schemes and operation modes, key management, how to use, communications modes, encrypted file transfer and satellite network of the NSK 200 Secure Telephone System. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Secure Voice over GSM and Other Low Bit Rate Systems N Katugampala, S Villette and A M Kondoz, University of Surrey (February 2003) Here we present a method that allows encryption at the input to the GSM terminal by modulating the encrypted data onto speech-like waveforms, so that it goes through the GSM system with sufficient accuracy to be decoded and decrypted at the receiving end. Throughputs of 3 and 4 kb/s have been achieved with the modulation introducing 0.5% and 4% bit error rates (BER) respectively. With the addition of error correcting codes near zero BER has been achieved at 1.8 kb/s, allowing the robust transmission of the bitstream from a modern low-bit rate speech coder. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Forensic extraction of electronic evidence from GSM mobile phones [Slides] A Goode, The Forensic Science Service R&D (February 2003) This presentation covers forensic science, including the forensic examination of crime scenes, forensic data available from GSM mobile phones including handset and network data, forensic evidence extraction and interpretation and future developments. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Smart card based end-to-end security for TETRA radio networks [Slides] R Dittmar, Rohde and Schwartz SIT (February 2003) This presentation covers TETRA security, implementation of E2E encryption, smart cards in E2E encryption and provides an outlook for the future. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

End to End Data Bearer Performance Characterisation For Communications Over Wide Area Mobile Networks [Slides] P Challans, QinetiQ (February 2003) The question of why bearer measurement and analysis is required is addressed. How these measurements were obtained is explained. Example mobile bearers of interest are given. Requirements for end to end secure voice are identified Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

The deployment of a secure 'outside-in' enterprise mobile solution [Slides] J Bodley- Scott and M Forssén, Appgate (February 2003) Outside-in thinking looks at the task to be done and designs the whole solution to meet the exact needs of the mobile worker. The whole solution will comprise a set of business issues and a set of technical issues which need to be considered in terms of security. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Next Generation Networks Security J Rossebø, Telenor and S Cadzow, C3L (February 2003) ETSI Project TIPHON has examined a number of key issues involved in provision of security in general and also for end-to-end communication over heterogeneous networks. TIPHON aims to support requirements for confidentiality, authentication and access control, QoS, and reliability in order to create an environment for Next Generation Networks (NGN) that meets or exceeds the expectation of today's fixed telephone network. Security is also essential to ensure that business models for NGN are sound. A threat analysis was used to determine risks involved and as a result countermeasures have been recommended that when standardized minimize the risks and enable provision of security in heterogeneous networks. Source: IEE Seminar on Secure GSM and Beyond, 11 February 2003

Security

Secondary uses of location services: the Datafreeze patent [slides] A Kelman, Telepathic Industries Limited (September 2002) Datafreeze is a technical invention, set out in an international patent application, and now in its national phase in many countries. Datafreeze conceals location information within digitally signed electronic transactions thereby creating additional corroborative evidence of the validity or otherwise of the transaction. The algorithm is efficient in encryption and decryption – allowing it to be deployed in the current generation of cellular telephones as well as in computer workstations. Source: IEE Seminar on Location Based Services, 16 September 2002

E-commerce security D Gollmann, Microsoft Research (June 2000) The past few years have seen the explosive growth of the Internet and of all kinds of Internet services, taking the Internet out of the academic community and firmly into the realm of commerce. Source: Computing & Control Engineering Journal June 2000

Data-embedding technique for digital images W Dowling, Trinity College Dublin and G Silvestre, University College Dublin (April 2000) A number of schemes have recently been suggested for hiding data in digital audio, still images and video. The approaches differ in the amount of distortion brought to the original host signal, their robustness to compression and other signal processing operations and the amount of data that can be embedded. This paper presents a technique for embedding data in digital still images. The proposed scheme employs digital communication techniques. The information is embedded in the frequency domain by modulating selected DFT values of the image. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

A blind watermarking scheme based on structured codebooks J J Eggers and J K. Su, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and B Girod, Stanford University (April 2000) Blind digital watermarking is the communication of information via multimedia host data, where the unmodified host data is not available to the watermark detector. Many watermarking schemes suffer considerably from the remaining host-signal interference. For the additive white Gaussian case, Costa showed theoretically that interference from the host can be eliminated. However, the proof involves a huge, unstructured, random codebook, which is not feasible in practical systems. A suboptimal, practical scheme is presented that employs a lattice-structured codebook to reduce complexity. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to the information-theoretic limit and similar recent proposals. noise due to an AWGN attack. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Current advances in curating and handling biological images and videos in the web-accessible bioimage database [slides] D M Shotton, University of Oxford (April 2000) Outline of presentation - A description of the BioImage database - Metadata issues - Bioimage metadata - Digital Object Identifiers and rights metadata - The future of BioImage with Ingenta / BIDS - Query by content: the next phase in image informatics - Image authentication issues - The best route forward. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Towards ?robust? watermarks: An introduction to digital watermarking, its state of the art and some key research topics F A P Petitcolas, Microsoft Research Ltd (April 2000) This account gives a general introduction to digital watermarking, its weaknesses and the challenging opportunities for future research. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Invisible watermarking for digital video - applications and challenges A Huggett and C Stubbings, Tandberg Television (April 2000) Digital Television offers many potential benefits in picture quality. Included amongst these is the ability to store and copy material with no loss of quality or fidelity. It may seem that in this environment the invisible watermark has many applications including audit trails, copyright protection, piracy prevention, copy control, revenue collection and archive tagging. However, digital television systems also offer many potential challenges to the usefulness of a watermark. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Digital document integrity G Shaw, Signum Technologies (April 2000) The conversion of images, documents, audio or video files into digital form provides us with capabilities such as online storage and retrieval, efficient search processes and worldwide data transmission. But digital data also brings with it a major problem - the ease with which such information can be copied and tampered with, without the forensic trail of evidence that we have relied on for analogue and hard-copy files. The need has therefore arisen for technologies that are able to safeguard the integrity and authenticity of digital records, particularly if such records are subject to legal and/or ethical scrutiny. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

An introduction to JPEG 2000 and watermarking R Clark , Elysium (April 2000) Although the name JPEG now means something to most people who have some awareness of Internet technology, it has come to refer to small part of one International Standard (IS 10918-1) and a file wrapper that encompasses that. In reality, the Joint Photographic Experts Group refers to an evolving community of experts that meet three times a year all over the world, and who are charged with delivering the standards that allow digital images to be compressed to a manageable size. Applications range from its use in Internet technology to digital cameras, pre-press, medical imaging, security applications, cultural heritage conservation and many, many more. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Blind detection of malicious alterations on still images using robust watermarks C Rey and J-L Dugelay, Institut Eurocom (April 2000) With digital image manipulation software, it is now simple to tamper with any image and make it available to others. This articles proposes an original method to protect image authenticity using an invisible and robust watermark. The approach is based on the extraction of features from the image. These features are chosen so as to be unaffected by non malicious alterations such as lossy compression. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and Image Authentication - April 2000

Data embedding using phase dispersion C Honsinger, Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories (April 2000) A method of data embedding based on the convolution of message data with a random phase is presented. The theory of the method is reviewed and the technique is shown as usable to hide both pictorial and non-pictorial data. Design considerations for the carrier are also presented. Applications of the technique to robust and fragile authentication are also briefly described. An overview of our rotation and scale correction algorithm and synchronization procedure is shown. And the algorithms’ Stirmark benchmark result presented. Source: IEE Seminar - Secure images and image authentication. April 2000.

Shielding and Grounding

Guide to Shielding Technologies Compliance Engineering (September 2002) New technologies in electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI) shielding are constantly being developed and refined in the quest to help manufacturers comply with regulatory requirements. This is especially true in the portable wireless device category, in which the ever-increasing operating frequency and shrinking form factor have challenged older shielding technologies. Source:

Regulating mains pollution D Maule, Claude Lyons (February 2001) Regulatory authorities are acting to reduce harmonic pollution in electricity networks. Summarises the implications for equipment manufacturers and network operators Source: IEE Review, March 2001

Novel method of measuring the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. I Pocock, Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (January 2000) This paper gives a brief overview of a test system developed by Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (TME), to measure the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. It details the design of the test system, the test method and discusses some case studies of previous projects. Example is taken from the very harsh naval EM environment, with many high level communications, radar and weapons systems operating over a wide-band. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Prediction of shielding performance via the Transmission Line Matrix method (TLM) J J Kazik, DERA (December 1999) The advent of powerful personal computers with fast processors and large amounts of RAM has enabled the direct numerical electromagnetic assessment of the screening properties of novel materials and technologies to be undertaken on a desktop PC. This paper describes a numerical technique, the Transmission Line Matrix Method, (TLM) and its application to the prediction of the screening properties of single or multi layer materials, when used as part of a complex structure. The basic principles behind TLM are discussed prior to the application of the technique to the prediction of screening performance. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Wires & plates an introduction to grounding & shielding R J Plowman, Rolls-Royce Power Engineering (December 1999) To understand grounding and shielding, it is necessary to understand some basic fundamentals about the performance of bonding wires and metal plates. A wire is not just a fixed resistance but is a complex impedance that varies with frequency. Understanding how this complex impedance varies, leads to a better understanding of the grounding principles. Similarly the basics of shielding can be shown by how normal electromagnetic waves interact with an infinite plate. Thus an understanding of the associated simplified formulae will enable designers to make some basic checks. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Towards an improved definition and measurement of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness S M Ward, A C Marvin and J F Dawson, University of York (December 1999) At present, the only viable measurement of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness relates the field at the centre of an enclosure to the external 'threat' field. Although this allows the relative effects of different enclosure types to be studied this parameter is inadequate because it accounts neither for the disposition of objects within the enclosure, the spatial variation of the internal field or the absorption of energy by the contents. Source: Paper from IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Earth? what earth? K Armstrong, Cherry Clough Consultants (December 1999) The word ?earth? or ?ground? means many different things to many electrical engineers. In an electrical installation these words can be used to mean either the protective conductor in a mains cord; the common bonding network of the building; the earth mass electrodes of the lightning protection system, or the conductor of the mains supply that is connected to an earth mass electrode at the distribution transformer. This paper describes the relevance of connections from an electronic equipment to a protective conductor, common bonding network, or earth mass, for a number of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

EMC diagnostic techniques T Maddocks, ERA Technology Ltd (October 2000) In order to achieve a high probability of first-time success at the certification test stage, some testing and product modification will inevitably be required prior to submission. Even where products are designed to conform with generally-accepted EMC guidelines and Codes of Practice, cost constraints and the advances in technology often lead to situations where EMC behaviour cannot be predicted with any great accuracy. Testing at an early stage in the product development is therefore essential but again the company may not have the financial resources or indeed, may not wish to invest in a complete EMC test facility. Source: IEE Seminar - In-house EMC measurement and diagnostics. November 2000.

Shielding and Grounding

Guide to Shielding Technologies Compliance Engineering (September 2002) New technologies in electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI) shielding are constantly being developed and refined in the quest to help manufacturers comply with regulatory requirements. This is especially true in the portable wireless device category, in which the ever-increasing operating frequency and shrinking form factor have challenged older shielding technologies. Source:

Novel method of measuring the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. I Pocock, Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (January 2000) This paper gives a brief overview of a test system developed by Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (TME), to measure the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. It details the design of the test system, the test method and discusses some case studies of previous projects. Example is taken from the very harsh naval EM environment, with many high level communications, radar and weapons systems operating over a wide-band. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Prediction of shielding performance via the Transmission Line Matrix method (TLM) J J Kazik, DERA (December 1999) The advent of powerful personal computers with fast processors and large amounts of RAM has enabled the direct numerical electromagnetic assessment of the screening properties of novel materials and technologies to be undertaken on a desktop PC. This paper describes a numerical technique, the Transmission Line Matrix Method, (TLM) and its application to the prediction of the screening properties of single or multi layer materials, when used as part of a complex structure. The basic principles behind TLM are discussed prior to the application of the technique to the prediction of screening performance. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Towards an improved definition and measurement of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness S M Ward, A C Marvin and J F Dawson, University of York (December 1999) At present, the only viable measurement of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness relates the field at the centre of an enclosure to the external 'threat' field. Although this allows the relative effects of different enclosure types to be studied this parameter is inadequate because it accounts neither for the disposition of objects within the enclosure, the spatial variation of the internal field or the absorption of energy by the contents. Source: Paper from IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Wires & plates an introduction to grounding & shielding R J Plowman, Rolls-Royce Power Engineering (December 1999) To understand grounding and shielding, it is necessary to understand some basic fundamentals about the performance of bonding wires and metal plates. A wire is not just a fixed resistance but is a complex impedance that varies with frequency. Understanding how this complex impedance varies, leads to a better understanding of the grounding principles. Similarly the basics of shielding can be shown by how normal electromagnetic waves interact with an infinite plate. Thus an understanding of the associated simplified formulae will enable designers to make some basic checks. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Earth? what earth? K Armstrong, Cherry Clough Consultants (December 1999) The word ?earth? or ?ground? means many different things to many electrical engineers. In an electrical installation these words can be used to mean either the protective conductor in a mains cord; the common bonding network of the building; the earth mass electrodes of the lightning protection system, or the conductor of the mains supply that is connected to an earth mass electrode at the distribution transformer. This paper describes the relevance of connections from an electronic equipment to a protective conductor, common bonding network, or earth mass, for a number of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Standards and Regulation

Just What Is...ATCA? Jurgen Eder, SBS Technologies (October 2004) What does the Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture mean to systems integrators and designers? Source: Electronics Systems and Software - October 2004

ATCA special: Telecom fabrics go fine-grain Michael Franco, Artesyn Technologies (August 2004) Advanced mezzanine cards push the boundaries of fine granularity in telecom fabrics. Source: Communications Engineer, August 2004

ATCA special: Dashing blades John Walko (August 2004) Meet the open board, backplane and software making their way into the next generation of telcom equipment. Source: Communications Engineer, August 2004

Not feeling well A Ditson (February 2004) This article argues that the distributed management of frequency spectrum in Europe is adversely affecting the region, as decision-making becomes more difficult and time-consuming. This is seriously impeding progress in the area of medical equipment, due to the sharing of allocated spectrum with commercial wireless equipment using e.g. WiFi and Bluetooth standards. Source: Communications Engineer, February 2004

Mobile phone conformance I Poole (December 2003) Ensuring that cellular handsets comply with existing standards can be a daunting undertaking. But what exactly do manufacturers need to test in order to keep operators and users happy? Source: Communications Engineer, December 2003

WEEE & ROHS Directive - Actions you need to take Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste on electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) in electrical and electronic equipment - A guide giving details on actions you need to take. Source:

www.regulation: the why, what and whither of communications regulation [summary] (October 2001) Summary of this presentation Source:

www.regulation: the why, what and whither of communications regulation [slides] (October 2001) Slides from this presentation Source:

www.regulation: the why, what and whither of communications regulation [paper] P Walker, Oftel (December 2001) Regulation is as controversial today as ever before. Some call for a ‘lighter touch’ while others demand stronger intervention to create ‘Broadband Britain’. This presentation describes what regulators do and why, and the forthcoming changes which will create OFCOM from 5 existing communications regulators. Source: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, December 2001

Test & Design

Low-power transceivers get patients mobile C Falcon, AMI Semiconductor (June 2004) Low power wireless systems are delivering mobility, improved patient care and relative comfort both inside and outside the medical facility. Medical electronic devices are benefiting from transceivers that use the latest mixed-signal ASIC technology to provide desired rates of data transfer over short ranges. Source: Communications Engineer, June 2004

Designing buildings for the wireless age A Newbold, Arup Communications (June 2004) An emerging technology called FSS (frequency selective surface) enables the deployment of secure wireless systems in indoor environments. FSS takes advantage of innovative techniques in building design and the use of attenuating materials. Source: Communications Engineer, June 2004

WEEE & ROHS Directives - A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) A guide to the marketing, product development and manufacturing actions you need to take. Source:

WEEE & ROHS Directive - Actions you need to take Produced by Envirowise in support of DTI and DEFRA initiatives on WEEE and ROHS (November 2003) Directive on waste on electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances (ROHS) in electrical and electronic equipment - A guide giving details on actions you need to take. Source:

An Accurate Validation Procedure for Component Testing Chambers Compliance Engineering (November 2002) The results of radiated emissions measurements depend on the wave propagation characteristic of the test site. This characteristic must be defined to ensure good reproducibility and to obtain similar results from different test facilities. Source:

RF Exposure: SAR Standards and Test Methods Compliance Engineering (January 2003) Concern about human exposure to radio frequencies (RF) is not new. Ensuring the safety of RF devices is the primary motivation for new standards and test methods. The concept of specific absorption rate (SAR) has been around for many years, but recent developments have improved test methods. This article provides an overview of the current limits and test methods for SAR. Standards, specifications, and requirements are also discussed. Source:

CAD for antenna systems P R Foster, Microwave and Antenna Systems (January 2000) There has been a steady development of computer techniques to deal withelectromagnetic problems in the last ten years. This paper surveys the computermethods available for the analysis and synthesis of antennas and their associatedcomponents and provides some guidance in the applications and limitations of the various available methods. When a well-proven program is used there are substantial savings to be made since fewer prototypes have to be built. Source: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, February 2000

Novel method of measuring the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. I Pocock, Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (January 2000) This paper gives a brief overview of a test system developed by Thomson-Thorn Missile Electronics (TME), to measure the screening effectiveness of small enclosures. It details the design of the test system, the test method and discusses some case studies of previous projects. Example is taken from the very harsh naval EM environment, with many high level communications, radar and weapons systems operating over a wide-band. Source: IEE Seminar - Shielding and grounding. January 2000.

Testing

'Testing, testing' C Gallagher (December 2002) Accelarating the functional test of telecommunication products can lead to significant gains. Source: Manufacturing Engineer, December 2002

Channel state estimation using PN signals with quasi-impulsive autocorrelation functions A Al-Dabbagh and M Darnell, University of Leeds (August 1999) This paper demonstrates the use of test signals with non-impulsive ACF to obtain estimates of the impulse response of an unknown baseband system. The same concept is then applied to the problem of channel evaluation. Source: IEE Seminar on Novel DSP algorithms and architectures for radio systems, 28th September 1999.

Testing

The latest from CISPR on radiated measurements above 1 GHz. Martin Alexander, National Physical Laboratory (November 2004) At the CISPR annual meeting in the 3rd week of September where there was much discussion of the method of EMC compliance testing of products above 1 GHz, and also the method of evaluating fully anechoic rooms for this testing. A radiated test method is urgently required by product committees, especially up to 6 GHz, but is this method sufficiently robust? Source: Presented at the IEE EMC PN Annual Hot Topics Forum

EMC, EMF & Radio Parameters Alan Dearlove, RADTEL Services Ltd (November 2004) Alan Dearlove has recently launched on behalf of the Global Standards Collaboration group a project to evaluate all the testing technologies above 1 GHz for radio products including EMC, EMF and radio parameter testing. The objective is to recommend test methods and measurement uncertainties up to 300 GHz as required by ITU-R recommendation SM 329-9 (2001). Source: Presented at the IEE EMC PN Annual Topics Forum

A Practical Guide for EN 61000-3-3 and EN 61000-3-11 Keith Armstrong of Cherry Clough Consultants (August 2004) The fourth in a series of seventeen guides that have been written to assist design, test, approvals, quality and application engineers to understand the various standards, many called up by the CE Marking Directive, relating to EMC Phenomena and Power Quality. EN 61000-3-3 and EN 61000-3-11 covers limits for voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage systems. Source: Printed and published by REO (UK) LTD

A Practical Guide for EN 61000-4-11 Keith Armstrong of Cherry Clough Consultants (August 2004) The second in a series of seventeen guides that have been written to assist design, test, approvals, quality and application engineers to understand the various standards, many called up by the CE Marking Directive, relating to EMC Phenomena and Power Quality. EN 61000-4-11 covers testing and measurement techniques for voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity. Source: Printed and published by REO (UK) LTD

A Practical Guide for EN 61000-3-2 Keith Armstrong of Cherry Clough Consultants (August 2004) The third in a series of seventeen guides that have been written to assist design, test, approvals, quality and application engineers to understand the various standards, many called up by the CE Marking Directive, relating to EMC Phenomena and Power Quality. EN 61000-3-2 covers limits for harmonic current emissions up to and including 16A per phase. Source: Printed and published by REO (UK) LTD

A Practical Guide for EN 61000-4-8 Keith Armstrong of Cherry Clough Consultants (August 2004) The first in a series of seventeen guides that have been written to assist design, test, approvals, quality and application engineers to understand the various standards, many called up by the CE Marking Directive, relating to EMC Phenomena and Power Quality. EN 61000-4-8 covers power-frequency magnetic field immunity test – testing and measurement techniques. Source: Printed and published by REO (UK) LTD

Mobile phone conformance I Poole (December 2003) Ensuring that cellular handsets comply with existing standards can be a daunting undertaking. But what exactly do manufacturers need to test in order to keep operators and users happy? Source: Communications Engineer, December 2003

Guidance Note Addresses Surge Test Problems Tim Williams and John Flood (November 2002) A new guidance note provides advice for dealing with some key issues that have surfaced with the increasing use of the IEC 61000-4-5 surge test. Source: Compliance Engineering

Ensuring a Successful Visit to the EMC Test Lab Compliance Engineering (January 2003) Being prepared is essential to a productive visit to a laboratory for electromagnetic compatibility testing. Working with the lab up front is key. If you're in the business of making or selling electronic products anywhere in the world, you've likely had your product tested at an EMC test laboratory for radio-frequency (RF) emissions, immunity, or both. Source:

EMC diagnostic techniques T Maddocks, ERA Technology Ltd (October 2000) In order to achieve a high probability of first-time success at the certification test stage, some testing and product modification will inevitably be required prior to submission. Even where products are designed to conform with generally-accepted EMC guidelines and Codes of Practice, cost constraints and the advances in technology often lead to situations where EMC behaviour cannot be predicted with any great accuracy. Testing at an early stage in the product development is therefore essential but again the company may not have the financial resources or indeed, may not wish to invest in a complete EMC test facility. Source: IEE Seminar - In-house EMC measurement and diagnostics. November 2000.

Ultra Wide Band Communication

Optimizing the Design Examples of Wide-band Antennas Suidong Yang (September 2005) Support Application Engineer, Vectors Fields Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Dual Frequency Microstrip Antenna with V Slot Mohammad Matin (September 2005) PhD Student, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Frequency Domain Finite Element Modeling of 2D Parallel-Plate Waveguide Antenna Array Yong Cai (September 2005) PhD Students, University of Warwick Source: Wideband and Multi -band Antennas and Arrays

Tunable Absorber Based on Electromagnetic Band Gap Surface and a Lossy Resistance Sheet J H Yap (September 2005) Masters Student, University of Warwick Source: Wideband and Multi band Antennas and Arrays

Tunable C-band Frequency Selective Surface Christos Mias (September 2005) Lecturer, University of Warwick Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Input and Far-Field Responses of Compact UWB Antennas Dr Ian Craddock (September 2005) Reader, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Modelling of Miniaturised Multiband 3D Slot Loop Antennas Dr Zhipeng Wu (September 2005) Member, Microwave Engineering Research Group, University of Manchester Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Planar Circular Slot Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications Pengcheng Li (September 2005) Research Assistant, Antenna & Electromagnetics Laboratory, Queen Mary, University of London Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Integration of Electrically Small UWB Antennas for Body-worn Sensor Applications Maciej Klemm (September 2005) Research Assistant, Electronics Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Germany Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Multiband MIMO Antenna Arrays Bin Wang (September 2005) Research Student, University of York Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Quad-Band Handset Antenna Operation for GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS Omar Saraereh (September 2005) PhD Student, Centre for Mobile Communications Research, Loughborough University Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Elliptical Multiple Ring Monopole Antennas Prof Peter S Hall (September 2005) Professor of Communications Engineering, The University of Birmingham Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Utilisation and Tuning of the Chassis Modes of a Handheld Terminal for the Design of Multiband Radiation Characteristics Dr Werner Schroeder (September 2005) Mobile Devices, Technology and Innovations, Siemens Communications Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Small Terminal Antennas within the ACE Network of Excellence Marta Martínez-Vázquez (September 2005) Research Engineer, IMST Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Broadband Matched-To-Air Microstrip Antennas (MAMA) Hassan El Kamchouchi (September 2005) PhD Student, Alexandria University, Egypt Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Design of a Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna for 802.1a WLAN Applications Reza Ataei-Seresht (September 2005) Masters Student, Urmia University, Iran Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Wideband Microstrip Patch Radiators for a Future Synthetic Aperture Radar Peter James (September 2005) Systems Engineer, European Aerospace and Defence Systems (EADS) Source:

Wideband Random Phased Arrays: Theory and Design Jennifer Bernhard (September 2005) Associate Professor, University of Illinois, USA Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Study on the Transmission of RF signals on the Human Body Terence See (September 2005) Associate Scientist, Radio Systems Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

The Synthesis of Wideband Arrays Using Nature-Based Design Concepts Joshua Petko (September 2005) Research Assistant, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Higher Order Modes in a Wideband Ringloaded Horn Pat Foster (September 2005) Director, Microwave and Antenna Systems Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Wideband Printed Fresnel Reflector Antenna in W-Band Claire Migliaccio (September 2005) Member, Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunication (LEAT) University of Nice Sofia Antipolis, France Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

New Class of Multi-Band and Ultra-Wideband Printed Dipole Antennas Sergey Sevskiy (September 2005) Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Characterisation of Printed UWB Antennas for On-Body Communications Yang Hao (September 2005) Lecturer, Queen Mary, University of London Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Slot-Inserted Semi-circular Disc Antenna for Wideband Communications Yi Huang (September 2005) Senior Lecturer, The University of Liverpool Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Switchable Dual Circularly Polarised Ultra Wideband Antenna Dilbagh Singh (September 2005) Senior Microwave Engineer, SELEX Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Planar Pifa Telematics Antennas Prof Richard Langley (September 2005) Head of the Communications Group, The University of Sheffield Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Multi-Band Material Loaded Low-SAR Antenna for Mobile Handsets Chinthana Panagamuwa (September 2005) PhD Student, Loughborough University Source:

Printed Triband Terminal Antenna Max Ammann (September 2005) Senior Lecturer, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Adaptive Antenna Impedance Matching for Multiband Mobile Phone Applications Libo Huang, (September 2005) PhD Student, Munich University of Technology, Germany Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Small Antennas for Personal Communicatons Devices Dr Marta Martinez-Vazquez (September 2005) The necessity of multi-standard mobile communications devices represents a challenge for antenna designers, as they have to implement integrated multi band elements within a volume that is rapidly shrinking. This paper shows some examples of multiband antenna solutions for this kind of application. Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Progress of multiband antenna technology in mobile phone industry Zhinong Ying (September 2005) In the 1990’s, the mobile phone industry experienced a dramatic development. The first stage was from analog standard to digital standard development, for example, analog standard such as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) and ETACS; digital standard such as GSM, D-AMPS and CDMA. The second stage was from single band to multi-band due to the strong capacity requirements. DCS1800 and PCS1900 were introduced in the middle of 1990’s. Source: Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays

Antennas for UWB Wireless Communication Applications Zhi Ning Chen and Xiao Dong Chen (July 2004) View the slides from the lecture on "Antennas for UWB Wireless Communication Applications" by Zhi Ning Chen and Xiao Dong Chen held on the 8th July 2004 at the Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event at Queen Mary University of London. Source: Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event

Ultra Wide Band Propagation- An overview Professor A.K. Brown (July 2004) View the slides from the lecture on "Ultra Wide Band Propagation- An overview" by Professor A.K. Brown held on the 8th July 2004 at the Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event at Queen Mary University of London. Source: Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event

Engineering a UWB Standard - MBOA Ben Manny (July 2004) View the slides from the lecture on "Engineering a UWB Standard - MBOA" by Ben Manny held on the 8th July 2004 at the Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event at Queen Mary University of London. Source: Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event

UWB Antenna Issues Pat Foster (July 2004) View the slides from the lecture on "UWB Antenna Issues" by Pat Foster held on the 8th July 2004 at the Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event at Queen Mary University of London. Source: Ultra Wideband Communication Technologies & System Design Event

A Study of UWB Emissions upon the UMTS Downlink Power Control David Barker (July 2004) View the slides from the lecture titled "A Study of UWB Emissions upon the UMTS Downlink Power Control" by David Barker held on the 8th July 2004 at the Ultra Wideband C